- 目錄
第1篇 關(guān)于天安門的導(dǎo)游詞
天安門城樓前后各有一對(duì)立于明代的漢白玉華表，每座華表高約10米，由三部分組成：底部是圍繞有護(hù)欄的八角形臺(tái)座，中間柱身，通體雕有盤龍和云朵，柱頭橫插云板，東部城露盤上有一蹲獸，俗稱“望天吼”。下面是帶來的關(guān)于天安門的導(dǎo)游詞，歡迎大家閱讀。
關(guān)于天安門的導(dǎo)游詞
天安門及廣場(chǎng)位于北京市中心、城市的中軸線上。南北長(zhǎng)880米，東西寬500米，占地面積44萬平方米，可容納100萬人舉行盛大集會(huì)，是世界上最大的城市中心廣場(chǎng)。
辛亥革命以后，天安門廣場(chǎng)對(duì)外開放。由于其處于城市中心，便成為了群眾集會(huì)、演說游行的地方。1920xx年爆發(fā)的“五四”運(yùn)動(dòng)、1935年的“一二九”學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)、1947年的“反饑餓、反內(nèi)戰(zhàn)”示威游行等，都發(fā)生在天安門廣場(chǎng)。
1949年10月1日，毛澤東主席在天安門城樓上宣告中華人民共和國(guó)成立，并親自升起了新中國(guó)的第一面五星紅旗，首都30萬群眾參加了這一隆重的開國(guó)大典。
在天安門廣場(chǎng)的最北面是一條貫穿北京東西的大街——長(zhǎng)安街;五星紅旗高高飄揚(yáng)在廣場(chǎng)北沿;人民英雄紀(jì)念碑聳立在廣場(chǎng)中央;毛主席紀(jì)念堂位于紀(jì)念碑南側(cè)，原大明門、大清門、中華門的所在地;正陽門城樓和箭樓是廣場(chǎng)最南端的建筑;人民大會(huì)堂坐落在廣場(chǎng)西側(cè);中國(guó)國(guó)家博物館坐落在廣場(chǎng)東側(cè)。
首先我給大家介紹一下長(zhǎng)安街。明清時(shí)期的長(zhǎng)安街分兩段，東長(zhǎng)安街是從長(zhǎng)安左門到東單牌樓;西長(zhǎng)安街是從長(zhǎng)安右門到西單牌樓，全長(zhǎng)約10里，俗稱“10里長(zhǎng)街”。1966年長(zhǎng)安街進(jìn)行改造，成為了一條橫貫北京城東西的交通要道。今日的長(zhǎng)安街東起通州區(qū)，西至石景山區(qū)，平均寬度70米，最寬處100米。全長(zhǎng)92華里，號(hào)稱“百里長(zhǎng)街”。
經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)安街，就到了廣場(chǎng)北側(cè)。我們首先看到的是國(guó)旗和旗桿。國(guó)旗的設(shè)計(jì)者是曾聯(lián)松先生。1991年，我國(guó)頒布了《國(guó)旗法》。為適應(yīng)新的升、降國(guó)旗儀式的要求，對(duì)原旗桿基座和旗桿進(jìn)行了改造。改建后的旗桿基座面積為36平方米，四周環(huán)繞漢白玉欄桿，周圍有2米寬的臺(tái)階通道?；猸h(huán)鋪2米多寬的赭紅色花崗巖，最外層為5米寬的綠化帶。綠化帶的外的護(hù)欄由56個(gè)金色銅制隔離墩組成，象征56個(gè)民族團(tuán)結(jié)在國(guó)旗下。新旗桿由無縫鋼管制作，高32.6米，分4節(jié)組裝，重達(dá)7噸，經(jīng)過了特殊處理，可以20xx年不生銹。
另外，《國(guó)旗法》規(guī)定，升旗儀式分為節(jié)日升旗和平日升旗兩種。逢國(guó)家重要慶典或每月1日，舉行節(jié)日升、降旗儀式。屆時(shí)由中國(guó)人民武裝警察部隊(duì)國(guó)旗護(hù)衛(wèi)隊(duì)官兵36人和軍樂隊(duì)隊(duì)員60人，組成儀仗隊(duì)，由軍樂隊(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演奏國(guó)歌。平日升旗儀式只有36名國(guó)旗護(hù)衛(wèi)隊(duì)官兵執(zhí)行儀仗任務(wù)，儀式進(jìn)行時(shí)播放國(guó)歌錄音。國(guó)旗升降時(shí)間依據(jù)每天日出和日落時(shí)間來確定，整個(gè)過程為2分零7秒。
人民英雄紀(jì)念碑位于廣場(chǎng)中央.1949年9月30日,中國(guó)政協(xié)第一屆全體會(huì)議通過決議,在天安門廣場(chǎng)豎立人民英雄紀(jì)念碑。當(dāng)天下午，毛澤東主席率全體政協(xié)委員在天安門廣場(chǎng)舉行了隆重的奠基儀式。一年多后，確定以梁思成的設(shè)計(jì)方案為主，并征求多方意見形成今日之造型。1952年動(dòng)工興建，1958年5月1日舉行了揭幕儀式。
我們今天看到的人民英雄紀(jì)念碑建在兩層月臺(tái)之上，通高38米，碑頂采用盝頂規(guī)制，碑芯重達(dá)60多噸，碑身由413塊花崗巖壘砌而成，整體建筑使用花崗巖和漢白玉1.7萬多塊。碑身正面是由毛澤東主席親筆題寫的“人民英雄永垂不朽”八個(gè)大字。背面碑文由毛澤東主席撰文，周恩來親筆書寫，碑文內(nèi)容是：“三年以來在人民解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和人民革命中犧牲的人民英雄們永垂不朽!三十年以來在人民解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和人民革命中犧牲的人民英雄們永垂不朽!由此上溯到一千八百四十年，從那時(shí)起，為了反對(duì)內(nèi)外敵人爭(zhēng)取民族獨(dú)立和人民自由幸福在歷次斗爭(zhēng)中犧牲的人民英雄們永垂不朽!”碑身下面是小碑座，小碑座南北方向各雕刻3個(gè)花圈，東西各一個(gè)，四面共有8個(gè)花圈，花圈由牡丹、荷花、百合、菊花組成。小碑座下面的大碑座四周鑲嵌著10幅漢白玉浮雕，內(nèi)容按歷史順序依次為：“虎門銷煙”、“金田起義”、“武昌起義”、“五四運(yùn)動(dòng)”、“五卅運(yùn)動(dòng)”、“南昌起義”、“抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”、“勝利渡江。”在“勝利渡江”的兩旁另有兩塊裝飾性浮雕，內(nèi)容為“支援前線”和“歡迎人民解放軍”。全部浮雕共有180個(gè)任務(wù)，概括了我過100多年的革命史。人民英雄紀(jì)念碑是新中國(guó)的第一座大型紀(jì)念性建筑物。
毛主席紀(jì)念堂位于紀(jì)念碑南側(cè)，門額上懸掛有華國(guó)鋒題寫的“毛主席紀(jì)念堂”金字匾額。毛主席紀(jì)念堂的全部工程僅用了6個(gè)月的時(shí)間，于1977年9月9日毛澤東主席逝世周年時(shí)正式對(duì)外開放。紀(jì)念堂的一樓分為3個(gè)部分，北大廳是舉行紀(jì)念活動(dòng)的地方。北大廳中央是毛主席的漢白玉坐像，坐像后面是一幅巨型絨繡祖國(guó)山河圖。瞻仰廳中央是毛主席的水晶棺，水晶棺放在黑色的花崗巖棺床上，水晶棺內(nèi)安放著毛主席的遺體，遺體上覆蓋著中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨黨旗。南大廳北面的墻壁上刻有毛主席的詩詞《滿江紅 和郭沫若同志》。紀(jì)念堂北門和南門外各有兩組人物群雕，四組雕塑中共有62個(gè)人物，是由來自全國(guó)18個(gè)省的100多名雕塑家共同完成的。
廣場(chǎng)西側(cè)是人民大會(huì)堂，它是為慶祝中華人民共和國(guó)成立10周年而建的。1958年破土動(dòng)工，1959年國(guó)慶前完工，是五十年代十大建筑之一。人民大會(huì)堂平面呈“山”字形，中央最高處46.5米，是天安門廣場(chǎng)中最高的建筑，它的建筑面積超過了故宮的建筑面積。大會(huì)堂四周共有廊柱134根，其中東側(cè)正門有廊柱12根，每根高度25米，直徑2米。均用天然大理石鑲砌。門額上國(guó)徽直徑4米，重達(dá)2噸。人民大會(huì)堂主要分為三個(gè)部分：南部為全國(guó)人大會(huì)辦公區(qū);中部是萬人大禮堂，可容納一萬人舉行會(huì)議;北部是宴會(huì)廳，可容納五千人的宴會(huì)和一萬人的酒會(huì)，是我國(guó)最大的宴會(huì)廳。
廣場(chǎng)東側(cè)是中國(guó)國(guó)家博物館。20xx年2月28日正式掛牌成立，館名由xx同志題寫，是五十年代十大建筑之一。國(guó)家博物館的南半部是中國(guó)歷史博物館，里面的基本陳列是“中國(guó)通史”，時(shí)間從170萬年前的元謀人開始，一直到清王朝滅亡;北半部是中國(guó)革命博物館，里面收藏的是自1840年鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以來的近代和現(xiàn)代文物。其中珍品有：林則徐虎門銷煙的奏折、清宣統(tǒng)皇帝的退位詔書、開國(guó)大典時(shí)升起的第一面五星紅旗等。
第2篇 天安門的英文導(dǎo)游詞
tian＇anmen (the gate of heavenly peace), is located in the center of beijing. it was first built in 1417 and named chengtianmen (the gate of heavenly succession). at the end of the ming dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. when it was rebuilt under the qing in 1651, it was renamed tian＇anmen, and served as the main entrance to the imperial city, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. the southern sections of the imperial city wall still stand on both sides of the gate. the tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. according to the book of changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign. during the ming and qing dynasties, tian＇anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. the most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:
1) the minister of rites would receive the edict in taihedian (hall of supreme harmony), where the emperor was holding his court. the minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan (tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via taihemen (gate of supreme harmony)
2) the minister would put the tray in a miniature longting (dragon pavilion). beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via wumen (meridian gate), to tian＇anmen gate tower. 3) a courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. the civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.
4) the courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. the document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the ministry of rites.
5) the edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country. such a process was historically recorded as imperial edict issued by golden phoenix. during the ming and qing dynasties tian＇anmen was the most important passage. it was this gate that the emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.
on the westside of tian＇anmen stands zhongshanpark (dr. sun yat-sen＇s park), and on the east side, the working people＇s cultural palace. the park was formerly called shejitan (altar of land and grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the god of land. it was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the chinese democratic revolution. the working people＇s cultural palace used to be taimiao (the supreme ancestral temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.
the stream in front of tian＇anmen is called waijinshuihe (outer golden river), with seven marble bridges spanning over it . of these seven bridges, historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called yuluqiao (imperial bridge). the bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called wanggongqiao (royal＇s bridges). farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named pinjiqiao (ministerial bridges). the remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and were called gongshengqiao (common bridges). they are the one in front of the supreme ancestral temple to the east and the one in front of the altar of land and grain to the west.
